Monday, July 11, 2016

Ecology, the Demographic Reformation, and "a certain degree of humanity"

   There I was again… hospitalized.  Couldn’t think, could barely breathe.  The health slowly crawled back inside of me – I knew I wanted to leave, but had to stay… absolutely had to.

These people were much worse off than I.  Not law breakers, just ill.  I was ill.  I knew it. 

The rollercoaster of frustration would not stop.  They check on you, just to make sure your heart is still beating.  I saw what I needed to see – people very much willing to help, just not sure how.

What do you do when you see someone suffering?  You help them.  A drunk man on the street corner falls to his knees in exhaustion and malnutrition.  And what do you do?  You grab that man’s hand and you PULL HIM TO HIS FEET.

My mind raced with what would happen next to my life, my light…  The perspective pulled back as far as it would go and I saw myself as not just one person, but a spark, a singular consciousness, experiencing thought forms… people, places, things… they were all SO real, and so surreal.

I pulled books off the shelves, looking for a map of and for the world.

Flipping through pages, I found something.  Dark and foreboding, and yet it spoke to me, the world, creation in general.  I clung to my teachings about ecology, balance, time and space, how we create relations in our minds between disparate ideas.

So here it is:
World Civilizations,” 7th Ed., Vol 2
– Edward McNall Burns * Philip Lee Ralph * Robert E. Lerner * Standish Meacham

Chapter 42, pt 5  The Crisis of Ecology and Population
The meaning of ecology
            Pessimism about the human condition derived not only from concern for the problems of the present that we have been considering.  It stemmed as well from a fear about the future, the future of the earth’s human beings, of the earth itself, and of what is termed its ecology.  The word ecology is often used to refer to human beings and their environment, but it is much broader than that.  Ecologists think of humans as related to a vast chain of life which extends through mammals, amphibians, invertebrates, and the simplest microorganisms, either plants or animals.  In popular usage ecology may be synonymous with population problems.  Again this is an oversimplification.  The causes and prevention of population make up important elements in the study of ecology, but they are not its whole subject.  Equally important is the use of our environment in ways that will safeguard the heritage of fertile soil, pure air, fresh water, and the forests for those who come after us.
Other assaults upon nature
Ecological violations consist not merely of poisoning the atmosphere and contaminating oceans, rivers, and lakes by dumping waste into them, but of any assault on them that makes them less valuable for human survival.  The excessive construction of dams, for example, causes the silting of rivers and the accumulating of nitrates at a faster rate than the surrounding soil can absorb.  The use of insecticides, especially those containing DDT, may result in upsetting the balance of nature.  An example in the recent history of Malaysia illustrates such an occurrence.  The Malaysian government resorted to extensive spraying of remote areas with DDT in the hope of stamping out malaria-carrying mosquitoes.  The DDT killed the mosquitoes but also poisoned the flourishing cockroaches.  The cockroaches in turn were eaten by the village cats.  The cats died of DDT poisoning.  The net result was a multiplication of rats formerly kept from a population explosion by their natural enemies, the cats.  So badly disturbed was the balance of nature that a fresh supply of cats had to be airlifted from other regions.  Other assaults on the balance of nature have been even more serious.  The Aswan High Dam of Egypt, undoubtedly valuable for increasing the water supply of that country, has at the same time cut down the flow of algal nutrients to the Mediterranean, with damaging effects on the fishing industry of various countries.  From the ecological standpoint the rapid development of industry in modern times is an almost unmitigated disaster.  For thousands of years the human race introduced into the environment no more waste substances than could easily be absorbed by the environment.  But modern technology has introduced a variety of waste never abundant before.  Among them are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.  And this is to say nothing of the discharge into nature of pesticides, the great host of synthetic products that are not biologically degradable, and the fallout of nuclear weapons testing.  As the nature and gravity of these problems has become apparent, governments have been pressured to take preventative and remedial action.  In late 1982, the United States government was actually compelled to purchase the entire town of Times Beach, Missouri where a highly dangerous pesticide had been sprayed with permanently damaging effects to the health of its citizens, before it could proceed with a detoxification program.
Ecology and the population explosion
            The ecological problem is caused not simply by the dumping of harmful of non-degradable products.  It is also the result of wastage of land as our most valuable natural resource.   In many parts of the world, rivers run brown because they are filled with earth washed from the rivers bordering them.  In some of the largest American cities, two-thirds to three-quarters of the land area is paved with streets and parking lots.  A close link exists between the problems of ecology and population explosion.  Indeed if population had not increased alarmingly in recent years, the problems of ecology might well have passed unnoticed.  For example, New York City on the eve of the Civil War had a total population of 700,000.  The area was not essentially smaller than what it is now.  Yet the inhabitants of the five boroughs constituting the city have multiplied ten times over.  This increase has been accompanied by physical transformations that have facilitated crowded living by masses of people.  Oil lamps were replaced by has light and then by electricity, horse drawn wagons and carriages by trolley cars, automobiles, subways, and buses.  While some of these inventions eliminated a few forms of pollution, the general effect was to multiply sources of contamination and abuse of the natural environment.  The example of New York City can be duplicated in many other crowded areas, not only in America but in AsiaCalcutta now has a population of 7.5 million, compared with 3 million in 1961.  Tokyo has grown from 9 million to over 12 million in little more than 20 years.
Effects of population explosion
            As the population increases, human beings create more and more problems and the damage done by each person escalates rapidly.  Contradictions in Los Angeles illustrate the danger.  Increases in the number of smog producers nullify every victory in the smog-control experts succeed in gaining.  The worse offenders in vitiating ecological progress are the big industrial powers.  The combine exhaustion of natural resources with contamination of the environment by industrial poisons, and consume hundreds of times more natural products than do most of the inhabitants of the Third World.  The oil shortages of the 1970’s, produced by the uncertain political state of the Middle East, forced by the West – and particularly the Unites States – to become aware of its wasteful ways.  Whether those shortages will also compel the West to expand its resources less extravagantly remains to be seen…
The demographic revolution
            Most nations of the contemporary world are in danger of being overwhelmed by as population explosion.  Its major cause has been what the experts call the demographic revolution.  By this is meant an overturning of the ancient balance between birth and deaths, which formerly kept the population on a stationary or slowly rising level,   This balance is a biological condition common to nearly all species.  For thousand of years humankind was no exception.  The total population of the earth at the beginning of the Christian era was about 250 million.  More than sixteen centuries passed before another quarter billion had been added to the total.  Not until 1860 did the population of the globe approximate 1 billion.  From then on the increase was vastly more rapid.  The sixth half-billion, added about 1960, required scarcely more than 10 years.
Causes of the demographic revolution
            What have been the causes of this radical imbalance known as the demographic revolution?  Fundamentally, what has happened has been the achievement of a twentieth-century death rate alongside a medieval birthrate.  Infant mortality rates have markedly declined.  Deaths of mothers in childbirth have also diminished.  The great plagues, such as cholera, typhus, and tuberculosis, take a much smaller toll than they did in previous centuries.  Wars and famines still number their victims by the millions, yet such factors are insufficient to counteract an uncurbed rate of reproduction.  Though the practice of contraception has been approved by the governments of such nations as India, China, and Japan, only in the last decade have the effects of that policy been noticeable.  In some countries poverty, religion, and ignorance have made widespread use of contraceptives difficult.  Leaders in Third World countries charge that attempts by Western powers to encourage them to limit population growth, either by contraceptive devices of by sterilization, is a not-so-subtle form of genocide.
The uneven growth of world population
            The demographic revolution has not affected all countries uniformly.  Its incidence has been most conspicuous in the underdeveloped nations of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia.  Whereas the population of the world as a whole will double, at present rates of increase, in thirty-five years, that of Central and South America will multiply twofold in only twenty-six years.  An outstanding example is that of Brazil.  In 1900 its population was estimated to be 17 million,  By 1975 this total has grown to 98 million, and by 1981 to 125 million, a more than sevenfold increase in less than one hundred years.  The population of Asia (excluding the USSR) grew from 813 million in 1900 to approximately 2.8 billion in 1981 – approximately 60 percent of the world’s population.  A situation in which the poorest nations are the most overpopulated does not auger well for the future of world stability.

So there’s that…

One more little paragraph I found fascinating was this:
HIGH TIME TO KILL Copyright 1999 Ian Fleming Publications Ltd.
- By Raymond Benson

            “They had a dinner reservation at the home of the Governor of the Bahamas, a man Bond had known for many years.  They had become friends after a dinner party at which the Governor had presented Bond with a theory concerning love, betrayal, and cruelty between marriage partners.  Calling it the ‘Quantum of Solace,’ the Governor believed that the amount of comfort on which love and friendship is based could be measured.  Unless there is a certain degree of humanity between two people, he maintained, there can be no love.

            It was an adage Bond accepted as a universal truth.”

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